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HMS Hermes (1898)
HMS ''Hermes'' was a ''Highflyer''-class protected cruiser built for the Royal Navy in the 1890s. She spent much of her early career as flagship for various foreign stations before returning home in 1913 to be assigned to the reserve Third Fleet. The ship was modified later that year as the first experimental seaplane carrier in the Royal Navy. She was used to evaluate in that year's annual fleet manoeuvers how aircraft could cooperate with the fleet and if aircraft could be operated successfully at sea for an extended time. The trials were a success and ''Hermes'' was paid off in December at their conclusion. She was recommissioned at the beginning of World War I in August 1914 for service as an aircraft ferry and depot ship for the Royal Naval Air Service. She was torpedoed and sunk by a German submarine in the Straits of Dover in October with the loss of 44 lives.
==Design and description==
''Hermes'' was designed to displace . The ship had an overall length of , a beam of and a draught of . She was powered by two 4-cylinder triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one shaft, which produced a total of designed to give a maximum speed of . ''Hermes'' reached a speed of from , during her sea trials. The engines were powered by 18 Belleville boilers.〔Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 79〕 She carried a maximum of of coal and her complement consisted of 470 officers and enlisted men.〔Friedman 2012, p. 336〕
Her main armament consisted of 11 quick-firing (QF) .〔Friedman 2011, p. 87〕 One gun was mounted on the forecastle and two others were positioned on the quarterdeck. The remaining eight guns were placed port and starboard amidships.〔Friedman 2012, p. 171〕 They had a maximum range of approximately with their shells.〔Friedman 2011, pp. 87–88〕 Eight quick-firing (QF) 12-pounder 12 cwt guns were fitted for defence against torpedo boats. One additional 12-pounder 8 cwt gun could be dismounted for service ashore.〔 ''Hermes'' also carried six 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns and two submerged 18-inch torpedo tubes.〔
The ship's protective deck armour ranged in thickness from . The engine hatches were protected by of armour. The main guns were fitted with 3-inch gun shields and the conning tower had armour 6 inches thick.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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